![]() ![]() The present discussion will focus on the components of typical nail polish formulations. Below the distal attachment of the nail with the pulp skin is the plug of keratinous mass called hyponychium, which is rich in polymorphs and lymphocytes which act as a barrier to infection. The nail fold consists of the germinal matrix and eponychium. Meanwhile, products such as strengtheners, ridge fillers and polishes are applied to protect, strengthen, smooth and impart color to the nail plate. The nail bed distal to this is the sterile matrix and proximal to that is the germinal matrix. Moisturizers, exfoliants and serums, among others, target the cuticle to improve the condition of this thin layer of skin. Various formulas have been developed to treat and decorate the cuticle and nail area. The thin layer of skin or cuticle at the base of fingernails protects the nail root and bed from environmental irritants and microorganisms from entering the nail fold surrounding the nail. ![]() In addition, the water content of a normal nail plate is typically between 10–30%, which acts as a plasticizer to the nail plate, providing increased flexibility. The fingernail or nail plate is a complex matrix comprising closely packed keratinized epithelial cells or onychocytes-cross-linked cysteine bond matrix proteins containing inorganic elements such as sulfur as well as calcium, sodium, iron, aluminum, copper, etc. ![]()
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